Sunday, January 16, 2011

Facts about Jupiter

1. Jupiter is massive
No, it’s really massive. The mass of Jupiter is 318 times the mass of the Earth. In fact, Jupiter has 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. But here’s the funny thing…
If Jupiter got any more massive, it would actually get smaller. Additional mass would actually make the planet more dense, and start pulling it in on itself. Astronomers estimate that Jupiter could end up with 4 times its current mass, and still remain about the same size.
2. Jupiter can’t ever become a star
Astronomers call Jupiter a failed star, but that’s not really appropriate. It’s like saying your house is a failed skyscraper. Stars generate their energy through the fusion of mass together. Their enormous gravity creates heat and pressure inside the star so that atoms of hydrogen are fused together to create helium – releasing heat in the process. Jupiter would need more than 70 times its current mass to ignite nuclear fusion. If you could crash dozens of Jupiters together, you might have a chance to make a new star.
Jupiter and Io, captured by New Horizons. Image credit: NASA/JPL
3. Jupiter is the fastest spinning planet in the Solar System
For all its size and mass, Jupiter sure moves quickly. In fact, the planet only takes about 10 hours to complete a full rotation on its axis. And because it’s spinning so rapidly, the planet has flattened out a little and is bulging at its equator. In fact, points on Jupiter’s equator are more than 4,600 km further from the center than the poles. This rapid rotation also helps generate Jupiter’s powerful magnetic fields, and contribute to the dangerous radiation surrounding it.
4. The Clouds on Jupiter are only 50 km thick
That’s right, all those beautiful whirling clouds and storms you see on Jupiter are only about 50 km thick. They’re made of ammonia crystals broken up into two different cloud decks. The darker material is thought to be compounds brought up from deeper inside Jupiter, and then change color in sunlight. But below those clouds, it’s just hydrogen and helium, all the way down.
5. The Great Red Spot has been around for a long time
The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is one of its most familiar features. And it looks like the spot has been around for almost 350 years. It was first identified by Giovanni Cassini, who mentioned it back in 1665. A century ago, the Great Red Spot measured 40,000 km across, but it’s shrinking – it’s currently half that size. But astronomers have no idea if and when it’ll ever disappear entirely.
6. Jupiter has rings
The rings around Jupiter were the third set of rings discovered in the Solar System, after Saturn (of course) and Uranus. Jupiter’s rings are fainter than Saturn’s, but they probably come from material ejected by its moons when they’re struck by meteorite impacts.
7. Jupiter’s magnetic field is 14 times as strong as Earth
Compasses would really work on Jupiter. That’s because it has the strongest magnetic field in the Solar System. Astronomers think the magnetic field is generated by the movements of metallic hydrogen deep inside Jupiter. This magnetic field traps ionized particles from the solar wind and accelerates them to nearly the speed of light. These particles create a dangerous belt of radiation around Jupiter that can cause damage to spacecraft.
Jupiter, seen by Cassini. Image credit: NASA/JPL
8. Jupiter has 63 moons
At the time that I’m writing this, Jupiter has a total of 63 named satellites. Almost all of them are less than 10 kilometers in diameter, and were only discovered after 1975, when the first spacecraft arrived at Jupiter. One of its moons, Ganymede, is the largest satellite in the Solar System, measuring 5262 km across.
9. Jupiter has been visited 7 times by spacecraft from Earth
Start counting. Jupiter was first visited by NASA’s Pioneer 10 spacecraft in December 1973, and then Pioneer 11 in December 1974. Then Voyager 1 and 2 in 1979. This was followed by a long break until Ulysses arrived in February 1992. Then Cassini made a flyby in 2000, on its way to Saturn. And finally, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft made its flyby in 2007. I’m sure these won’t be the last.
10. You can see Jupiter with your own eyes
Jupiter is the third brightest object in the Solar System, after Venus and the Moon. Chances are, you saw Jupiter in the sky, and had no idea that’s what you were seeing. Read Universe Today, and we’ll announce when the best times for seeing Jupiter are. But if you see a really bright star, high in the sky, chances are you’re seeing Jupiter. Get your hands on a pair of binoculars, and if you know someone with a telescope, that’s even better.
“How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live.”
You must live in the present, launch yourself on every wave, find your eternity in each moment.”
“What's the use of a fine house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on?”
“There is no remedy for love but to love more.”
“If one advances confidently in the direction of one's dreams, and endeavors to live the life which one has imagined, one will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”
“Do not lose hold of your dreams or asprirations. For if you do, you may still exist but you have ceased to live.”
“Disobedience is the true foundation of liberty. The obedient must be slaves.”
“It is what a man thinks of himself that really determines his fate.”
“The universe is wider than our views of it.”
“Simplify, simplify.” 
Given by HENRY DAVID THOREAU

For more quotes please visit my blog frequently.








The expensive bikes in the world

Motorcycles have had mass appeal to the general public for roughly a century and a half. An American named Sylvester Howard Roper designed one of the first motorcycles in the 1860s. The motorcycle was displayed at fairs and circuses around the eastern U.S.. Europeans also had their hand in popularizing motorcycles and, during the World Wars, motorcycles functioned as a quick means of transportation.
As the motorcycle progressed, the engines and frames became bigger, sleeker, faster and more powerful, resulting in the high-tech and expensive motorcycles of today. If you can afford one, a custom motorcycle built to your exact specifications is within reach.
MV-Augusta F4CC – $120,000
World's Most Expensive Motorcycles - MV Agusta F4 CC
This expensive motorcycle was created by Claudio Castiglioni, MV’s director. He wanted to create a spectacular motorcycle that met strategic marketing needs while also being something truly special and unique. The expensive motorcycle bearing his very own initials “CC” has a top speed of 315 kph (195 mph), 1078 cc’s and a 198 hp engine. Each bike boasts a platinum plate located near the top of the steering column showing the model number from 1 to 100, making this motorcycle all the more special to its owners.
MTT Turbine SuperBike – $150,000
World's Most Expensive Motorcycles - MTT Turbine Superbike
Not only is this motorcycle expensive, it’s also extremely fast. This bike, also known as the Y2K Turbine Superbike, is the Guinness World Record holder for the “Most Powerful Motorcycle Ever to Enter Series Production”. The turbine engine in this one is made by Rolls Royce and is capable of over 300hp. The motorcycle also boasts carbon fiber fairings, a rear mounted camera with LCD color display, forward-and rear-looking radar detector with laser scrambler, one touch “Smart Start” ignition, and many other cool gadgets. This bike seams to be pretty popular in Hollywood. It starred in the movie “Torque” and even Jay Leno owns one!
Icon Sheene – $160,000

This bike was created by Andrew Morris in honor of legendary British Grand Prix motorcycle champion Barry Sheene, who died in 2003 at the age of 52. As such, only 52 of these 250 hp, turbocharged 1400cc motorcycles will be created, each emblazoned with a playing card hand-painted by the same artist who painted Sheene’s helmets, Mike Fairholme. Each of these bikes will be bespoke, tailored to fit the purchaser’s unique requirements.
Macchia Nera concept bike – $201,000

Built around a Ducati 998RS engine, this motorcycle’s Italian designers and engineers set out to create an extremely high tech and expensive motorcycle that would be thought of as “the ultimate track bike” that is “simply beautiful and beautifully simple”. The Testastretta engine is fitted with lightweight metals and alloys, like titanium and aluminum, making it very lightweight. The view from the side of the Macchia Nera shows exposed belts and engine components, giving its design a minimalist feel while still being aesthetically pleasing. We should add that this bike is a one of a kind and not in produced for retail at this point, but if you have an extra 150,000 Euros (US $201,000) laying around for an expensive toy, your dream might come true.
Ecosse Titanium Series RR Limited Edition – $275,000

This luxury motorbike features a titanium chassis with clear coated carbon fiber bodywork and wheels. It features a fuel injected, intercooled, supercharged 2,150cc billet motor and is capable of over 200 hp. Its saddle is ergonomic and adjustable. The bike also comes with a timepiece, designed by French watchmakers BRM, which is made to match the bike and is engraved with the same serial number as the handlebar clamp and VIN plate. This bike is limited to only 10 units.
Dodge Tomahawk V10 Superbike – $555,000
World's Most Expensive Motorcycles - Dodge Tomahawk V10
This reproduction of Dodge’s concept bike is considered an “automotive sculpture,” as it is not street legal in the US. Ten of these bikes were offered by Neiman Marcus in their 2003 Christmas Book. The Dodge Tomahawk V10 superbike boasts an 8.3 liter engine (505 cubic inch), and the 10 cylinders can bring the bike to a maximum speed of almost 400 mph. The 1500lb bike has an independent 4-wheel suspension and can reach 60 mph in around 2.5 seconds.

The top 10 expensive hotels in the world

10. The Penthouse Suite, The Martinez Hotel, Cannes

Nightly Rate: $18,000
This is the biggest, most expensive, and the only terraced penthouse suite on the Cote d’Azur. Both of the two suites has a jacuzzi, plasma screen televisions, DVD library, kitchen, open bar, private butler on call 24/7 (ditto for a limousine), and an option to join both suites into one big apartment. The luxury has no limit here – the design is kept in the Art Deco style, with streamlined furniture, silk curtains and teak parquet floors.
The wraparound terrace is 2,000 square feet with the views of the Lerins Islands as well as the entire Bay of Cannes and can comfortably hold 100 people. One Saudi sheik liked the suite so much he wanted to rent it for five years. The hotel said no. What else can you say? Tres magnifique!

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The most expensive watches in the world

10. Breguet pocket watch 1907BA/12: $734,000
Breguet that Founded 225 years ago is one of the oldest watch companies in history. Breguet and is now become of the swatch group company. Breguet Pocket Watch 1907BA/12 is a luxurious expensive watch made of 18 carat gold materials. The movement part is hand made and the watch has two way rotating crown.
most expensive watch Breguet pocket watch 1907 BA/12
Breguet pocket watch 1907 BA/12
9. Blancpain 1735, Grande Complication: $800,000
The casing of Blancpain 1735 Grande complication is made from platinum. Its skin is made from crocodile skin and the engine parts made of 740 pieces of handmade parts and components. This watch is one of the most complex wristwatches ever made in the world.
most expensive watch Blancpain 1735 Grande Complication
Blancpain 1735 Grande Complication
8. Louis Moinet Magistralis: $860,000
Do you want to know the only watch that made of 2000 years old moon meteorite? The answer is Louis Moinet
Magistralis. It’s clear that this very rare meteorite make this watch become that expensive ever compared to gold.The outside part of the gold is made from gold (18 carat). Scarcity of moon meteorite is the reason this watch become expensive and won’t be produced repeatedly.
most expensive watch louis moinet magistralis
Louis Moinet Magistralis
7. Hublot Black Caviar Bang: $1 million
The complexity is the reason of Hublot Black Caviar Bang become expensive. It takes 2000 hours of detailed and meticulous workmanship. The casing of this watch is made of 18 carat of white gold combined with 322 grains of black gems included in the section of his belt buckle that makes the total of 25 carat.It’s very reasonable to be sold for $ 1 million because of the complexity and it’s just made one in the world ever.
most expensive watch Hublot Black Caviar Bang
Hublot Black Caviar Bang
6. The Chopard Super Ice Cube: $1.1 million
The name Chopard Super Ice Cube come from the shape that similar to ice cubes. When you see the picture of the watch you will be guessing that this watch is a package of gemstones. You’re right. This is a package of 66 carat gemstone that makes this watch become expensive.
most expensive watch The Chopard Super Ice Cube
The Chopard Super Ice Cube
5. Patek Philippe Sky Moon Tourbillon: $1.3 million
This complex watch is compiled from 688 parts including super small size (microscopic) part. Patek Philippe Sky Moon watches Turbillon is a very complex watch. In the other hand, the casing is made of platinum. This watch just produced two units each year, a series of platinum and another one is rose gold series.
most expensive watch Hublot patek philippe skymoon tourbillon
Hublot patek philippe skymoon tourbillon
4. Vacheron Constantin Tour de l’Ile: $1.5 million
This watch, Vacheron Constantin Tour de L’lle, considered to be the most complex watch ever made by human. It consist of 834 parts with 10000 hours of producing time (more than one year). Maybe you will agree with the amount of time needed when you see that the watch is actually has two faces, where the back of this clock also shows the same time as the front. With gold-plated material. This expensive and complex clock is made only seven units all over the world.
most expensive watch Vacheron Constantin Tour de l'Ile
Vacheron Constantin Tour de l'Ile
3. Patek Philippe’s Platinum World Time: $4 million
In 2002 Patek Philippe’s Platinum World Time became the most expensive wristwatch in the year 2002 when It’s purchased for $ 4 million in an auction event. The special things about this watch is It display 24 hour time zones in different countries. The dispaly is easy to read. In addition, this watch can distinguish between day and night in these 24 time zones.
most expensive watch Patek Philippes Platinum World Time
Patek Philippes Platinum World Time
2. Patek Philippe’s Supercomplication: $11 million
Patek Philippe’s Supercomplication is 18 carat gold pocket watch made in 1932. It took four years for production proces. This watch is originally a watch booked by New York banker Henry Graves, Jr. This watch set a record for a pocket watch in the year 1999 when It’s sold in an auction.
most expensive watch Patek Philippes Supercomplication
Patek Philippes Supercomplication
1. 201-carat Chopard: $25 million
This is the most expensive watch in the world. Unbelieveable? Indeed. But Yes, It’s true. 25 million dollars! This amazing watch has three large diamond heart-shaped fruit. They’re 15-carat pink diamond, 12 carat blue diamond, and 11-carat white diamond. In addition there’s 163-carat diamond surrounded by white and yellow, so that totals 201 carat that become the name of the watch.
most expensive watch 201 Carat Chopard
201 Carat Chopard

Tricks for additions

Things needed :
  • paper
  • pen/pencil
  • a friend
Procedure :
Ask your friend to write down five digits from 1 to 9 on a paper like this
                                                            2 4 5 6 7
you write the numbers parallel to it and see that the sum of both the numbers should come 9 like this
                                                            7 5 4 3 2
if you observe this you can see that the sum of both this numbers come 9 like this
                                                            2+7=9
                                                            4+5=9
                                                            5+4=9
                                                            6+3=9
                                                            7+2=9
now again ask your friend to write again five digits and you write according to the digits that their sum will be equal to 9

last step ask your friend to write again five digits and you subtract 2 from the last digit the last digit should be greater than or equal to 2 and write in the answer the answer you got from subtraction and write down the remaining digits as it is.At the beginning of the answer keep 2 that's all you can give your answer to your friend withing a fraction of time

for example------

friend                                        2 4 3 1 9 
you                                      +   7 5 6 8 0
friend                                   +   6 1 0 4 2
you                                      +   3 8 9 5 7
friend                                   +   6 5 9 2 5
answer                                   2 6 5 9 2 3               
 
FOR MORE TRICKS IN MATHEMATICS FOLLOW MY BLOG FREQUENTLY

Do this sum

what is the answer for this?

1+2+3+4+5+6.....................................+100

FOR ANSWER,CONTINUE FOLLOWING THIS BLOG FOR COUPLE OF DAYS

The smallest unit of time

The smallest unit of time is known as Planck’s time, 10**-43 seconds. It is the amount of time it takes the fastest thing, light, travelling at 3x10**8 metres per second, to cross the smallest distance, the Planck length, 10**-35 m. 

Teams Compete To Break Longest Handshake Record

On January 14th, 2011 at Father Duffy Square in Times Square, New York City, four teams of some of the world’s greatest Guinness World Records ® holders will compete to break the world record for the “Longest Continuous Handshake.” Organized by three college students—Jason Soll, John-Clark Levin (Claremont McKenna College) and Joe Luchsinger (Baldwin Wallace College)—the competition serves to raise funds and awareness for charities including Teach for America, the Auckland Downs Syndrome Association and the Women’s Foundation of Nepal. Competition starting time will be announced on World’s Longest Handshake 2011 website, http://www.shakinghistory.com. Claremont McKenna College is a major sponsor of the event.

International competitors include Nepal’s Rohit Timilsina, that country’s greatest world record breaker, and New Zealand’s Alastair Galpin, the second-greatest Guinness World Records record breaker of the last decade. Many of the teams, including Timilsina’s and Galpin’s, have broken the “Longest Continuous Handshake” record in the past.

“Whether climbing mountains in Alaska or solving problems through invention, I live to push the envelope,” said competitor and event co-organizer Joe Luchsinger (21, Bexley, Ohio, USA), who will compete on behalf of Teach For America along with partner Levin. Donations from the public will be received throughout the event, and the last team "shaking" wins a majority of the total proceeds for its charity.

In recent years, “Longest Continuous Handshake” has been one of Guinness World Records’ most hotly contested endurance categories. Teams from Nepal to New Zealand and from London to Sydney have all broken the record on behalf of various charities, but they have never coordinated their efforts in one location.

“The intensity and dedication that these people bring to what they do is inspiring, humbling and a little frightening,” said event co-organizer and competitor John-Clark Levin (21, Ojai, California, USA). In preparation for the competition, the competitors are using extreme training methods to shatter the world record: Galpin (36, Auckland, New Zealand) has been training by wrapping his arm in ice packs with the shirtsleeve cut off, and shaking a bottle of sandwich spread vigorously all day long, even in public. “This combination of world-class talent, charitable causes, and the highest foot-traffic venue in the world, creates performance incentives on par with the Olympics,” said Event Director Jason Soll. The current world record stands at 19 hours and 35 minutes. The new record is projected to be 24 to 48 hours, or longer.

"Claremont McKenna College's involvement with this event is a direct result of wanting to encourage the entrepreneurial, creative, ambitious and leadership efforts of our students," said the College's vice president for public affairs, Richard Rodner.

The oldest person on this Earth.Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records® officially confirms Eunice Sanborn has inherited the title of Oldest Living Person at the age of 114 years 108 days, following the death of Eugenie Blanchard on November 4, 2010. Eunice was born on July 20, 1896, in Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA.

eunice1.JPG

First married in 1913, Eunice has outlived three husbands and had one daughter, Dorothy, who died in 2005 at age 90. Eunice moved to Texas, USA, in 1937 and now resides in the town of Jacksonville. She lives in a Victorian home built around 1900 and is cared for by neighbors who have known her for over 50 years.

Craig Glenday, Guinness World Records’ Editor-in-Chief, said “It’s incredible to think that Ms Sanborn was born in the Victorian era and that she’s lived across three centuries! Equally impressive is the fact that she still lives at home in a Victorian-style house that’s almost as old as she is.”

Eunice also holds the title of Oldest Living Female and Oldest Living American.

All Nobel Prizes list

2010

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Mario Vargas Llosa
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides

2009

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
The Nobel Peace Prize
Barack H. Obama
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson

2008

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
The Nobel Peace Prize
Martti Ahtisaari

2007

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies
The Nobel Peace Prize
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson

2006

The Nobel Prize in Physics
John C. Mather, George F. Smoot
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Roger D. Kornberg
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello
The Nobel Peace Prize
Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank

2005

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , Mohamed ElBaradei
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling

2004

The Nobel Prize in Physics
David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck
The Nobel Peace Prize
Wangari Muta Maathai
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott

2003

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield
The Nobel Peace Prize
Shirin Ebadi
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger

2002

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston
The Nobel Peace Prize
Jimmy Carter
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith

2001

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations (U.N.) , Kofi Annan
The Prize in Economic Sciences
George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz

2000

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel
The Nobel Peace Prize
Kim Dae-jung
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden

1999

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman
The Nobel Peace Prize
Médecins Sans Frontières

1998

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walter Kohn, John A. Pople
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad
The Nobel Peace Prize
John Hume, David Trimble

1997

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) , Jody Williams
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Scholes

1996

The Nobel Prize in Physics
David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wislawa Szymborska
The Nobel Peace Prize
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos-Horta
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey

1995

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus
The Nobel Peace Prize
Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert E. Lucas Jr.

1994

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell
The Nobel Peace Prize
Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin
The Prize in Economic Sciences
John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten

1993

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp
The Nobel Peace Prize
Nelson Mandela, Frederik Willem de Klerk
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North

1992

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Rudolph A. Marcus
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
The Nobel Peace Prize
Rigoberta Menchú Tum

1991

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
The Nobel Peace Prize
Aung San Suu Kyi

1990

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Elias James Corey
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas
The Nobel Peace Prize
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe

1989

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus
The Nobel Peace Prize
The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)

1988

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings
The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

1987

The Nobel Prize in Physics
J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
The Nobel Peace Prize
Oscar Arias Sánchez

1986

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James M. Buchanan Jr.

1985

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Klaus von Klitzing
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

1984

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert Bruce Merrifield
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein
The Nobel Peace Prize
Desmond Mpilo Tutu

1983

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler

1982

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Kenneth G. Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gabriel García Márquez
The Nobel Peace Prize
Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles

1981

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel
The Nobel Peace Prize
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

1980

The Nobel Prize in Physics
James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell
The Nobel Peace Prize
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel

1979

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
The Nobel Peace Prize
Mother Teresa
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Theodore W. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis

1978

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter D. Mitchell
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Isaac Bashevis Singer
The Nobel Peace Prize
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin

1977

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, John Hasbrouck van Vleck
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Vicente Aleixandre
The Nobel Peace Prize
Amnesty International
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Bertil Ohlin, James E. Meade

1976

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Burton Richter, Samuel Chao Chung Ting
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William N. Lipscomb
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek
The Nobel Peace Prize
Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan

1975

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, Leo James Rainwater
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
The Nobel Peace Prize
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans

1974

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson
The Nobel Peace Prize
Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek

1973

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
The Nobel Peace Prize
Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho

1972

The Nobel Prize in Physics
John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, John Robert Schrieffer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.
The Prize in Economic Sciences
John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrow

1971

The Nobel Peace Prize
Willy Brandt

1970

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén, Louis Eugène Félix Néel
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
The Nobel Peace Prize
Norman E. Borlaug

1969

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Murray Gell-Mann
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hassel
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen

1968

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Luis Walter Alvarez
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
The Nobel Peace Prize
René Cassin

1967

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hans Albrecht Bethe
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Miguel Angel Asturias
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1966

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert S. Mulliken
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Peyton Rous, Charles Brenton Huggins
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nelly Sachs
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1965

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert Burns Woodward
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

1964

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen
The Nobel Peace Prize
Martin Luther King Jr.

1963

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley
The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) , Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)

1962

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Lev Davidovich Landau
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
The Nobel Peace Prize
Linus Carl Pauling

1961

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
The Nobel Peace Prize
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld

1960

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Donald Arthur Glaser
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Willard Frank Libby
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Brian Medawar
The Nobel Peace Prize
Albert John Lutuli

1959

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Emilio Gino Segrè, Owen Chamberlain
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Jaroslav Heyrovsky
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Salvatore Quasimodo
The Nobel Peace Prize
Philip J. Noel-Baker

1958

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank, Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
The Nobel Peace Prize
Georges Pire

1957

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
The Nobel Peace Prize
Lester Bowles Pearson

1956

The Nobel Prize in Physics
William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Juan Ramón Jiménez
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1955

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Willis Eugene Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Vincent du Vigneaud
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Halldór Kiljan Laxness
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1954

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Max Born, Walther Bothe
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Linus Carl Pauling
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ernest Miller Hemingway
The Nobel Peace Prize
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

1953

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Frits (Frederik) Zernike
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Hermann Staudinger
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
The Nobel Peace Prize
George Catlett Marshall

1952

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Felix Bloch, Edward Mills Purcell
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge
The Nobel Peace Prize
Albert Schweitzer

1951

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Pär Fabian Lagerkvist
The Nobel Peace Prize
Léon Jouhaux

1950

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Cecil Frank Powell
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip Showalter Hench
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell
The Nobel Peace Prize
Ralph Bunche

1949

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William Francis Giauque
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Walter Rudolf Hess, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
The Nobel Peace Prize
Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin

1948

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Thomas Stearns Eliot
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1947

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Edward Victor Appleton
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sir Robert Robinson
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz, Bernardo Alberto Houssay
The Nobel Prize in Literature
André Paul Guillaume Gide
The Nobel Peace Prize
Friends Service Council (The Quakers) , American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers)

1946

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Percy Williams Bridgman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
The Nobel Peace Prize
Emily Greene Balch, John Raleigh Mott

1945

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Howard Walter Florey
The Nobel Peace Prize
Cordell Hull

1944

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Isidor Isaac Rabi
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)

1943

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Henrik Carl Peter Dam, Edward Adelbert Doisy
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1942

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1941

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1940

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1939

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Ernest Orlando Lawrence
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Frans Eemil Sillanpää
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1938

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Corneille Jean François Heymans
The Nobel Peace Prize
Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees)

1937

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Clinton Joseph Davisson, George Paget Thomson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Roger Martin du Gard
The Nobel Peace Prize
Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)

1936

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Victor Franz Hess, Carl David Anderson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
The Nobel Peace Prize
Carlos Saavedra Lamas

1935

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
Carl von Ossietzky

1934

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Harold Clayton Urey
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy
The Nobel Peace Prize
Arthur Henderson

1933

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
The Nobel Peace Prize
Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)

1932

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Werner Karl Heisenberg
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, Edgar Douglas Adrian
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1931

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Erik Axel Karlfeldt
The Nobel Peace Prize
Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler

1930

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
The Nobel Peace Prize
Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom

1929

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
The Nobel Peace Prize
Frank Billings Kellogg

1928

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Owen Willans Richardson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Charles Jules Henri Nicolle
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1927

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Arthur Holly Compton, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Heinrich Otto Wieland
The Nobel Peace Prize
Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde

1926

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Jean Baptiste Perrin
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The (Theodor) Svedberg
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger
The Nobel Peace Prize
Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann

1925

The Nobel Prize in Physics
James Franck, Gustav Ludwig Hertz
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
George Bernard Shaw
The Nobel Peace Prize
Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles Gates Dawes

1924

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1923

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert Andrews Millikan
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Frederick Grant Banting, John James Rickard Macleod
The Nobel Prize in Literature
William Butler Yeats
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1922

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Niels Henrik David Bohr
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Francis William Aston
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Fritz Meyerhof
The Nobel Peace Prize
Fridtjof Nansen

1921

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
Karl Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lous Lange

1920

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Edouard Guillaume
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walther Hermann Nernst
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Schack August Steenberg Krogh
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Knut Pedersen Hamsun
The Nobel Peace Prize
Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois

1919

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler
The Nobel Peace Prize
Thomas Woodrow Wilson

1918

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1917

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Glover Barkla
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan
The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)

1916

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1915

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard Martin Willstätter
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1914

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Theodore William Richards
The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1913

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Rabindranath Tagore
The Nobel Peace Prize
Henri La Fontaine

1912

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Nils Gustaf Dalén
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann

1911

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Marie Curie, née Sklodowska
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
The Nobel Peace Prize
Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Alfred Hermann Fried

1910

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse
The Nobel Peace Prize
Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau)

1909

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Guglielmo Marconi, Karl Ferdinand Braun
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf
The Nobel Peace Prize
Auguste Marie François Beernaert, Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque

1908

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Gabriel Lippmann
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ernest Rutherford
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Rudolf Christoph Eucken
The Nobel Peace Prize
Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer

1907

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Albert Abraham Michelson
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
The Nobel Peace Prize
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault

1906

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Joseph John Thomson
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal
The Nobel Peace Prize
Theodore Roosevelt

1905

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Henryk Sienkiewicz
The Nobel Peace Prize
Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau

1904

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sir William Ramsay
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray y Eizaguirre
The Nobel Peace Prize
Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law)

1903

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, née Sklodowska
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Svante August Arrhenius
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson
The Nobel Peace Prize
William Randal Cremer

1902

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Hermann Emil Fischer
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
The Nobel Peace Prize
Élie Ducommun, Charles Albert Gobat

1901

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
The Nobel Peace Prize
Jean Henry Dunant, Frédéric Passy